History - Term 4 - Week 2

Colonialism refers to the practice of acquiring full or partial control over another country, occupying it with settlers, and exploiting it economically. In Africa, colonialism began in the late 19th century, driven by European powers seeking resources and new markets. The Berlin Conference of 1884-1885 formalized the partitioning of Africa among European nations, leading to significant changes in the continent's political landscape.

Consider a letter written by a colonial administrator describing the local population's response to European rule. Students should identify key themes such as resistance, adaptation, and the perception of European superiority. By examining the language used, students can infer the attitudes of the time and the complexities of colonial relationships.

In small groups, students will discuss how colonialism altered the economic structures of African societies. They should consider questions such as: What resources were exploited? How did colonial economies affect local industries? Groups will share their findings with the class, highlighting the diverse experiences of different regions.

Students will choose a specific African country and research its colonial history. They will focus on the social, economic, and political changes that occurred during and after colonial rule. The assignment will culminate in a short essay that reflects their understanding of the topic and includes references to primary and secondary sources.

• Cultural exchange
• Religious conversion
• Economic exploitation
• Political alliances

Answer: Economic exploitation

European powers sought to control Africa primarily for its resources and to create new markets for their goods.

• The Berlin Conference
• World War I
• The abolition of slavery
• The discovery of gold

Answer: The Berlin Conference

The Berlin Conference of 1884-1885 established the rules for the partitioning of Africa among European powers.

Answer: Disruption of traditional social structures.

Colonialism often undermined traditional leadership and social hierarchies, leading to social fragmentation.

• Diplomatic negotiations
• Military force
• Cultural assimilation
• Economic partnerships

Answer: Military force

Colonial powers frequently used military force to suppress resistance and maintain control over colonized territories.

Answer: The introduction of cash crops.

Colonial economies often shifted focus from subsistence farming to cash crops for export, altering local economies.

• Ethiopia
• Nigeria
• Kenya
• South Africa

Answer: Ethiopia

Ethiopia successfully resisted colonization, notably defeating Italian forces at the Battle of Adwa in 1896.