Multiplication and division (T3 W10)
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Multiplication is like adding the same number several times. For example, if we have 3 groups of 2 apples, we can say 2 + 2 + 2 = 6, or we can say 3 times 2 equals 6. Division is the opposite; it means sharing or grouping. If we have 6 apples and want to share them equally between 3 friends, each friend gets 2 apples. We can say 6 divided by 3 equals 2.
Let's look at 4 times 3. This means we have 4 groups of 3. We can draw it: O O O (group 1) O O O (group 2) O O O (group 3) O O O (group 4). If we count all the O's, we have 12. So, 4 times 3 equals 12.
Now, let's consider 12 divided by 4. We have 12 cookies and want to share them with 4 friends. We can give each friend 3 cookies. If we divide 12 into 4 equal groups, we find that 12 divided by 4 equals 3.
Let's try a multiplication problem together. How much is 5 times 2? We can think of it as 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2. Let's count together: 2, 4, 6, 8, 10. So, 5 times 2 equals 10. Now, can anyone explain how they got to the answer?
Now, let's do a division problem. What is 10 divided by 2? We have 10 candies and want to share them with 2 friends. If we give each friend 5 candies, we can say 10 divided by 2 equals 5. Can someone show me how they would solve this using counters?
Now it's your turn! Solve the following problems on your own: 1) 3 times 4 = ? 2) 15 divided by 3 = ? 3) 2 times 5 = ? 4) 8 divided by 4 = ? Remember to show your working clearly. After you finish, we will review the answers together.
Answer: 6
2 times 3 means 2 added together 3 times, which is 2 + 2 + 2 = 6.
Answer: 3
12 divided by 4 means sharing 12 into 4 equal groups, which gives us 3 in each group.
Answer: 5
10 divided by 2 equals 5, meaning there are 5 groups of 2.
Answer: 8
4 times 2 means adding 2 four times: 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 = 8.
Answer: 5
Any number times 1 is the number itself, so 5 times 1 is 5.
Answer: 4
16 divided by 4 means sharing 16 into 4 equal groups, which gives us 4 in each group.
Answer: 3
9 divided by 3 equals 3, so each friend gets 3 apples.
Answer: 9
3 times 3 means adding 3 three times: 3 + 3 + 3 = 9.