Mathematics - Term 3 - Week 10

Multiplication is a way of adding the same number several times. For example, 3 multiplied by 4 (3 x 4) means adding 3 four times: 3 + 3 + 3 + 3 = 12. Division, on the other hand, is splitting a number into equal parts. For instance, if we have 12 and we want to divide it by 4 (12 ÷ 4), we are asking how many groups of 4 can we make from 12, which gives us 3. Understanding these concepts helps us see how they are related.

Let's look at the problem 5 x 3. We can visualize this as having 5 groups of 3 objects. If we draw it out, we can see: ●●● (3) + ●●● (3) + ●●● (3) + ●●● (3) + ●●● (3) = 15. Therefore, 5 x 3 = 15.

Now, consider the problem 20 ÷ 5. We want to find out how many groups of 5 can fit into 20. If we draw 20 dots and group them into sets of 5, we will have 4 groups. Thus, 20 ÷ 5 = 4.

Let's practice together! I will give you a multiplication problem: 4 x 2. Draw 4 groups of 2 dots each. Count the total number of dots you have. Now, for division, let's try 16 ÷ 4. Draw 16 dots and group them into sets of 4. How many groups did you make? Share your answers with the class.

Now it's your turn to solve some problems on your own. Complete the following: 1. 6 x 3 = ? 2. 18 ÷ 6 = ? 3. Draw a picture to represent 5 x 4. 4. If you have 24 candies and you want to share them equally among 6 friends, how many candies does each friend get? Show your working clearly.

• 8
• 15
• 12
• 10

Answer: 15

3 x 5 means adding 3 five times, which equals 15.

• 5
• 6
• 4
• 3

Answer: 5

30 ÷ 6 equals 5 because there are 5 groups of 6 in 30.

Answer: 14

7 x 2 means adding 7 two times, which equals 14.

Answer: 5

20 ÷ 4 equals 5, meaning you can make 5 groups of 4.

• 4
• 3
• 2
• 5

Answer: 4

12 ÷ 3 equals 4 because there are 4 groups of 3 in 12.

• 12 ÷ 4
• 8 + 2
• 5 x 3
• 10 - 2

Answer: 5 x 3

5 x 3 is a multiplication problem, while the others are not.

Answer: 5

15 ÷ 3 equals 5, so each friend gets 5 apples.

Answer: 9

Any number multiplied by 1 remains the same, so 9 x 1 equals 9.