Mathematics - Term 4 - Week 8

Multiplication is a way to add the same number multiple times. For example, 3 multiplied by 4 (3 x 4) means adding 3 four times: 3 + 3 + 3 + 3 = 12. Division, on the other hand, is about sharing or grouping. For instance, if we have 12 candies and we want to share them equally among 4 friends, we divide 12 by 4 (12 ÷ 4), which gives us 3 candies each. Understanding these concepts helps us see how they are related.

Let's look at the multiplication problem 5 x 3. We can represent this using groups. If we have 5 groups of 3 apples, we can draw it as: 🍏🍏🍏 (3 apples) + 🍏🍏🍏 (3 apples) + 🍏🍏🍏 (3 apples) + 🍏🍏🍏 (3 apples) + 🍏🍏🍏 (3 apples). Counting all the apples gives us 15. So, 5 x 3 = 15.

Now, let's consider the division problem 20 ÷ 5. If we have 20 cookies and we want to share them with 5 friends, we can draw 20 cookies and group them into 5 equal parts. Each group will have 4 cookies. Therefore, 20 ÷ 5 = 4. This shows how division helps us find out how many items each person gets.

Let's practice together! Solve the multiplication problem 4 x 6. Think of it as 4 groups of 6. You can draw it out or use counters. How many do you have in total? After you find the answer, share your method with a partner. Did you visualize it? How did that help you?

Now, let's try a division problem: 18 ÷ 3. Imagine you have 18 stickers and you want to give them to 3 friends. How many stickers does each friend get? Use counters or draw to help you solve this. Discuss your answer with the class and explain how you arrived at it.

Now it's your turn to solve some word problems on your own. Here are two problems: 1) If there are 24 students and they are divided into groups of 6, how many groups are there? 2) If a farmer has 7 baskets with 5 apples in each, how many apples does he have in total? Write down your answers and show your working clearly.

• 7
• 12
• 10
• 15

Answer: 12

3 x 4 means adding 3 four times, which equals 12.

• 4
• 5
• 6
• 7

Answer: 5

20 ÷ 4 = 5 means each friend gets 5 candies.

Answer: 12

6 x 2 means adding 6 two times, which equals 12.

• 3
• 5
• 7
• 10

Answer: 5

15 ÷ 3 means dividing 15 into 3 equal parts, which is 5.

Answer: 5

10 ÷ 2 = 5 means each group has 5 apples.

• 12 ÷ 4
• 5 x 3
• 8 - 2
• 10 + 5

Answer: 5 x 3

5 x 3 is a multiplication problem.

• 0
• 1
• 9
• 10

Answer: 9

Any number multiplied by 1 remains the same.

Answer: 4

24 ÷ 6 = 4 means each friend gets 4 chocolates.